Virulence evolution Ecology Adaptation Genetic changes Moving targets: Understanding adaptation in natural systems
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Options is a magazine featuring the activities of the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), located in Laxenburg, Austria. IIASA is an interdisciplinary, nongovernmental research institution sponsored by a consortium of National Member Organizations in Asia, Europe, and North America. The Institutes research focuses on sustainability and the human dimensions of global change. IIASAs studies are international and interdisciplinary, providing timely and relevant insights for the scientific community, policymakers, and the public. Sections of Options may be reproduced with acknowledgment to IIASA. Please send a copy of any reproduced material to the Office of Information. The views and opinions expressed herein do not necessarily represent the positions of IIASA or its supporting organizations.
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Preface to the special issue: ecological and evolutionary genomics of populations in nature.
This Special Issue focuses on the application of genomic approaches for addressing central questions in ecology and evolutionary biology using populations in nature. Most of these studies focus on non-model systems, as many key questions in ecology and evolutionary biology cannot be addressed solely using model systems (Gracey & Cossins 2003). While model systems have been instrumental in yield...
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Populations adapt to novel environments in two distinct ways: selection on pre-existing genetic variation and selection on new mutations. These alternative sources of beneficial alleles can result in different evolutionary dynamics and distinct genetic outcomes. Compared with new mutations, adaptation from standing genetic variation is likely to lead to faster evolution, the fixation of more al...
متن کاملAdvances and Limits of Using Population Genetics to Understand Local Adaptation: (Trends in Ecology & Evolution 29, 673-680; 2014).
Local adaptation shapes species diversity, can be a stepping stone to ecological speciation, and can facilitate species range expansion. Population genetic analyses, which complement organismal approaches in advancing our understanding of local adaptation, have become widespread in recent years. We focus here on using population genetics to address some key questions in local adaptation: what t...
متن کاملThe Genetic Basis of Thermal Reaction Norm Evolution in Lab and Natural Phage Populations
Two major goals of laboratory evolution experiments are to integrate from genotype to phenotype to fitness, and to understand the genetic basis of adaptation in natural populations. Here we demonstrate that both goals are possible by re-examining the outcome of a previous laboratory evolution experiment in which the bacteriophage G4 was adapted to high temperatures. We quantified the evolutiona...
متن کاملGenome-wide signature of local adaptation linked to variable CpG methylation in oak populations.
It has long been known that adaptive evolution can occur through genetic mutations in DNA sequence, but it is unclear whether adaptive evolution can occur through analogous epigenetic mechanisms, such as through DNA methylation. If epigenetic variation contributes directly to evolution, species under threat of disease, invasive competition, climate change or other stresses would have greater st...
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